Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Culturable Bacterial Community on Leaves of Assam Tea ( Camellia sinensis var. assamica ) in Thailand and Human Probiotic Potential of Isolated Bacillus spp.

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8101585

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bacterial adhesion of B. licheniformis ML075-1 ( B ), B. siamensis ML122-2 ( C ), L. acidophilus TISTR 2365 ( D ), L. plantarum FM03-1 ( E ) and E. coli ATCC 25922 ( F ) on Vero cells. ( A ) Vero cell control.

Article Snippet: After that, the Vero cells were fixed in absolute methanol for 5 min prior to staining with Giemsa stain for 15 min. Control strains were Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (known as normal gut flora) and the well-known probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus TISTR 2365 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FM03-1 (GenBank accession no. MF599378).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Inflammopharmacology

Article Title: Herbal remedies for oral and dental health: a comprehensive review of their multifaceted mechanisms including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant pathways

doi: 10.1007/s10787-024-01631-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Efficacy of herbal remedies against periodontal pathogens

Article Snippet: Lippia alba (Mill.) Cymbopogon citratus L. , Whole plant/essential oil extraction through steam distillation , An assay called MBEC-high-throughput (MBEC-HTP) to measure the amount of S. mutans ATCC 35668 strain biofilms that were eradicated CHO cells were subjected to cytotoxicity assessment using the MTT cell proliferation assay , Geraniol and citral were the main constituents of both oils; they were 18.9% and 15.9% in L. alba and 31.3% and 26.7% in C. citratus , respectively. No concentration of either essential oil was toxic to CHO cells over a 24-h period. The essential oils of L. alba and C. citratus demonstrated eradication activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilms of 95.8% and 95.4%, respectively, at 0.1 and 0.01 mg/dL concentrations and 93.1%, at 0.001 mg/dL concentration , (Tofiño-Rivera et al. ) .

Techniques: Diffusion-based Assay, Produced, Inhibition, Positive Control, Bacteria, Microbial Assay, In Vivo, Cytotoxicity Assay, Activity Assay, In Vitro, Derivative Assay, Concentration Assay, Time-Kill Assay, Extraction, Microdilution Assay, Sequencing, Expressing, Electron Microscopy, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, MTT Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Functional Assay, Serial Dilution, Adsorption, Probiotics, Formulation, Comparison, Cannabis, Ex Vivo, Maltodextrin, Modification, Biofilm Production Assay, Permeability, Incubation, Membrane, Tube Formation Assay, Binding Assay, Migration, In Silico, Cell Counting, Recombinant, WST-1 Assay, Luminescence Assay, DNA Synthesis, Gene Expression, Irradiation, Serial Time-encoded Amplified Microscopy, Distillation, MTT Cell Proliferation, Sampling, Staining, Resazurin Assay, Solvent, Serial Dilution Assay, Dilution Assay, Antioxidant Activity Assay, Animal Model, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Isolation, Transmission Assay, Preserving, Colorimetric Assay, Saline, Activation Assay, Molecular Weight, Disruption, Labeling, Blocking Assay

Journal: Neurobiology of disease

Article Title: Finding intestinal fortitude: Integrating the microbiome into a holistic view of depression mechanisms, treatment, and resilience

doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104578

Figure Lengend Snippet: Illustration of reviewed bidirectional communication between the central nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system and the microbiome, which contribute to depression.

Article Snippet: 23 ( Hoban, Stilling, et al., 2016 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse GF mice None None NA IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: GF mice have elevated expression of genes related to myelination and myelin plasticity, as well as hypermyelination of axons, all in the PFC 24 ( Bravo et al., 2011 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse none L. rhamnosus JB-1 Forced swim test Probiotic treatment decreased depression-like behaviors induced by the forced swim test IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: Probiotic treatment ↓ Gabra2 mRNA in the PFC; ↓ Gabbr1 and ↓ Gabra2 mRNA in the amygdala; ↓ Gabbr1 mRNA in CA1, CA3, and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus; ↑ Gabra2 mRNA in the hippocampal dentate gyrus; ↓ Gabbr1b in locus coeruleus; ↑ Gabbr1b in cingulate area 1; and ↑ Gabbr1b in prelimbic cortex 25 ( Neufeld, et al., 2011 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse None None Elevated plus-maze GF mice exhibited decreased anxiety-like behavior as compared to SPF mice IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: GF mice had ↓ Grin2b mRNA in the central amygdala; and ↑ Bdnf mRNA and ↓ Htr1a mRNA in the hippocampal dentate gyrus 26 ( Bercik, Denou, et al., 2011 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse 7-day antibiotic treatment FMT Antibiotics, FMT Light/dark preference test, Step-down test Antibiotic treatment decreased anxiety-like behaviors induced by antibiotics IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: Antibiotic treatment ↓ BDNF levels in the amygdala, which was reversed by FMT 27 ( Desbonnet et al., 2010 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Rat Maternal separation model B. infantis 35624 Forced swim test Probiotic treatment reversed depression-like symptoms induced by maternal separation IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: Probiotic treatment attenuated a maternal separation-induced ↓ in norepinephrine levels in the brainstem, but did not affect circulating tryptophan, kynurenine, or kynurenic acid concentrations 28 ( Bercik, Park, et al., 2011 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced chemical colitis B. longum NCC3001, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy Step-down test Vagotomy and probiotic treatment either prevented or normalized anxiety-like behaviors induced by DSS IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: Probiotic treatment did not affect Bdnf mRNA expression in cultured human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with serum of probiotic-treated mice 29 ( Marin et al., 2017 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse Chronic mild stress L. reuteri ATCC 23272 Forced swim test Probiotic treatment reversed depression-like behavior induced by stressor IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: Stress ↓ fecal Lactobacillus spp., ↑ circulating kynurenine, and ↑ fecal Ido1 mRNA.

Techniques:

Journal: Neurobiology of disease

Article Title: Finding intestinal fortitude: Integrating the microbiome into a holistic view of depression mechanisms, treatment, and resilience

doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104578

Figure Lengend Snippet: Afferent and efferent signaling along the microbiome-gut-brain axis, preclinical studies

Article Snippet: 23 ( Hoban, Stilling, et al., 2016 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse GF mice None None NA IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: GF mice have elevated expression of genes related to myelination and myelin plasticity, as well as hypermyelination of axons, all in the PFC 24 ( Bravo et al., 2011 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse none L. rhamnosus JB-1 Forced swim test Probiotic treatment decreased depression-like behaviors induced by the forced swim test IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: Probiotic treatment ↓ Gabra2 mRNA in the PFC; ↓ Gabbr1 and ↓ Gabra2 mRNA in the amygdala; ↓ Gabbr1 mRNA in CA1, CA3, and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus; ↑ Gabra2 mRNA in the hippocampal dentate gyrus; ↓ Gabbr1b in locus coeruleus; ↑ Gabbr1b in cingulate area 1; and ↑ Gabbr1b in prelimbic cortex 25 ( Neufeld, et al., 2011 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse None None Elevated plus-maze GF mice exhibited decreased anxiety-like behavior as compared to SPF mice IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: GF mice had ↓ Grin2b mRNA in the central amygdala; and ↑ Bdnf mRNA and ↓ Htr1a mRNA in the hippocampal dentate gyrus 26 ( Bercik, Denou, et al., 2011 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse 7-day antibiotic treatment FMT Antibiotics, FMT Light/dark preference test, Step-down test Antibiotic treatment decreased anxiety-like behaviors induced by antibiotics IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: Antibiotic treatment ↓ BDNF levels in the amygdala, which was reversed by FMT 27 ( Desbonnet et al., 2010 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Rat Maternal separation model B. infantis 35624 Forced swim test Probiotic treatment reversed depression-like symptoms induced by maternal separation IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: Probiotic treatment attenuated a maternal separation-induced ↓ in norepinephrine levels in the brainstem, but did not affect circulating tryptophan, kynurenine, or kynurenic acid concentrations 28 ( Bercik, Park, et al., 2011 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced chemical colitis B. longum NCC3001, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy Step-down test Vagotomy and probiotic treatment either prevented or normalized anxiety-like behaviors induced by DSS IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: Probiotic treatment did not affect Bdnf mRNA expression in cultured human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with serum of probiotic-treated mice 29 ( Marin et al., 2017 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse Chronic mild stress L. reuteri ATCC 23272 Forced swim test Probiotic treatment reversed depression-like behavior induced by stressor IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: Stress ↓ fecal Lactobacillus spp., ↑ circulating kynurenine, and ↑ fecal Ido1 mRNA.

Techniques: Inhibition, Activity Assay, Modification, Permeability, Translocation Assay, Expressing, Produced, Cell Culture, Mouse Assay

Journal: Neurobiology of disease

Article Title: Finding intestinal fortitude: Integrating the microbiome into a holistic view of depression mechanisms, treatment, and resilience

doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104578

Figure Lengend Snippet: Afferent and efferent signaling along the microbiome-gut-brain axis, clinical studies

Article Snippet: 23 ( Hoban, Stilling, et al., 2016 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse GF mice None None NA IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: GF mice have elevated expression of genes related to myelination and myelin plasticity, as well as hypermyelination of axons, all in the PFC 24 ( Bravo et al., 2011 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse none L. rhamnosus JB-1 Forced swim test Probiotic treatment decreased depression-like behaviors induced by the forced swim test IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: Probiotic treatment ↓ Gabra2 mRNA in the PFC; ↓ Gabbr1 and ↓ Gabra2 mRNA in the amygdala; ↓ Gabbr1 mRNA in CA1, CA3, and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus; ↑ Gabra2 mRNA in the hippocampal dentate gyrus; ↓ Gabbr1b in locus coeruleus; ↑ Gabbr1b in cingulate area 1; and ↑ Gabbr1b in prelimbic cortex 25 ( Neufeld, et al., 2011 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse None None Elevated plus-maze GF mice exhibited decreased anxiety-like behavior as compared to SPF mice IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: GF mice had ↓ Grin2b mRNA in the central amygdala; and ↑ Bdnf mRNA and ↓ Htr1a mRNA in the hippocampal dentate gyrus 26 ( Bercik, Denou, et al., 2011 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse 7-day antibiotic treatment FMT Antibiotics, FMT Light/dark preference test, Step-down test Antibiotic treatment decreased anxiety-like behaviors induced by antibiotics IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: Antibiotic treatment ↓ BDNF levels in the amygdala, which was reversed by FMT 27 ( Desbonnet et al., 2010 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Rat Maternal separation model B. infantis 35624 Forced swim test Probiotic treatment reversed depression-like symptoms induced by maternal separation IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: Probiotic treatment attenuated a maternal separation-induced ↓ in norepinephrine levels in the brainstem, but did not affect circulating tryptophan, kynurenine, or kynurenic acid concentrations 28 ( Bercik, Park, et al., 2011 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced chemical colitis B. longum NCC3001, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy Step-down test Vagotomy and probiotic treatment either prevented or normalized anxiety-like behaviors induced by DSS IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: Probiotic treatment did not affect Bdnf mRNA expression in cultured human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells treated with serum of probiotic-treated mice 29 ( Marin et al., 2017 ) Afferent (microbiota to system) Mouse Chronic mild stress L. reuteri ATCC 23272 Forced swim test Probiotic treatment reversed depression-like behavior induced by stressor IS: None Reported ES: None Reported CNS: Stress ↓ fecal Lactobacillus spp., ↑ circulating kynurenine, and ↑ fecal Ido1 mRNA.

Techniques: Translocation Assay, Concentration Assay, Diagnostic Assay, Binding Assay, Activity Assay, Injection, Permeability